教师创新工作行为与创新气氛的关系

目的：编制教师创新工作行为问卷,并考察教师创新工作行为与学校组织创新气氛、创新动机的关系。方法：依据Janssen个体创新工作行为理论,结合教师访谈,编制教师创新工作行为初测问卷;根据374份有效数据进行探索性因素分析;根据470份调查问卷结果,采用内部一致性分析、结构方程模型技术结构和层次回归分析进行验证和变量关系分析。结果：探索性因素分析表明,教师创新工作行为由创新意愿、创新行动、创新成果3个维度构成;验证性因素分析、内部一致性分析和层次回归分析证实了教师创新工作行为的构想效度。学校创新气氛对教师创新工作行为有显著的正向预测作用;创新动机对创新气氛与创新工作行为关系的中介效应显著。结论：教师创新工作行为问卷有良好的信度和效度;教师创新动机在学校组织创新气氛与教师创新工作行为关系中具有显著的中介作用。     

The excavation-induced convergences in the Sedrun section of the Gotthard Base Tunnel

The prediction of the convergences during tunnel construction in squeezing ground is important for determining an adequate temporary support or excavation diameter in order to avoid costly and time-consuming repairs. It can be difficult, however, to make such predictions as the intensity of squeezing often varies over short distances, even without an obvious change in the excavation and support method, depth of cover, lithology and rock structure. The variability of squeezing behaviour could be observed during the construction of the Gotthard Base Tunnel in the Clavaniev Zone and in the northern part of the Intermediate Tavetsch-Massif. The paper analyses the data monitored during the tunnel construction and identifies some factors that correlate well with the convergences or the lack thereof. The variability of squeezing observed in the present case can be traced back to different degrees of tectonic disturbance (“kakiritization”), different orientations of the schistosity and the proximity of weaker or stronger zones.     

Exploratory Analysis of the Effects of Particulate Characteristics on the Variation in Partitioning of Nonpolar Organic Contaminants to Marine Sediments

The partitioning of nonpolar organic contaminants to marine sediments is considered to be controlled by the amount of organic carbon present. However, several studies propose that other characteristics of sediments may affect the partitioning of contaminants. For this exploratory analysis, we measured 19 sediment characteristics from five marine sediments and 11 characteristics of humic acids extracted from the sediments. These characteristics included elemental composition, grain size, soot carbon, polarity indices and molar ratios. Each individual characteristic and combinations of these characteristics were then used to normalize partition coefficients (K_p) generated for three organic contaminants: lindane, fluoranthene and a tetrachlorinated biphenyl (PCB). A coefficient of variation (CV) was then calculated for each contaminant to determine which normalization characteristic (individually or in combination) resulted in the lowest variability in partitioning between study sediments. For lindane and the PCB, normalization by the amount of sediment organic carbon resulted in the lowest variability in partition coefficients with CVs of 16.2% and 37.7%, respectively. However, normalization of fluoranthene by silt content resulted in lower CVs than those generated by organic carbon normalization: 31.0% vs. 37.6%. Normalization of contaminants K_p's by combined values of sediment characteristics resulted in lower CVs but only by a few percent. Using humic acid characteristics, humic organic carbon reduced variability between sediments most effectively. But only the normalized fluoranthene values had a CV (i.e., 25.4%) lower than the one based on normalization by sediment characteristics. When combined, humic acid characteristics resulted in lower CVs than normalization by individual or combinations of sediment characteristics for fluoranthene and the PCB with CVs of 19.3% and 28.7%, respectively. This analysis indicates variability associated with the partitioning of some organic contaminants to marine sediments can be further reduced when normalization by sediment characteristics other than organic carbon are utilized.     

微气候建筑设计方法综述

阐述微气候建筑设计的基本内容，归纳国内外在微气候建筑设计中的一些具体方法，并结合实例进行分析，以论述当今进行微气候建筑设计的必要性。     

Contextualizing emotional exhaustion and positive emotional display: The signaling effects of supervisors’ emotional exhaustion and service climate.

In this study, we investigated how supervisors’ emotional exhaustion and service climate jointly influence the relationship between subordinates’ emotional exhaustion and their display of positive emotions at work. Using data from frontline sales employees and their immediate supervisors in a fashion retailer, we hypothesized and found that under the condition of a less positive service climate, subordinates’ emotional exhaustion was more negatively related to their positive emotional display when supervisors’ emotional exhaustion was higher rather than lower; this interaction effect of subordinates’ and supervisors’ emotional exhaustion was not significant in a more positive service climate. These results suggest that service climate and supervisors’ emotional exhaustion provide emotionally exhausted employees with important information cues about the possible availability of compensatory resources they need to uphold their efforts to display service-focused emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation of the effects of Canadian climate conditions on the MEPDG predictions for flexible pavement performance

This study aims to investigate the quality of the recently developed Canadian climatic database and the effect of climatic factors on flexible pavement performance using the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG). Two hundred and six Canadian climatic files were used to carry out the analysis. Freezing index and frost depth from the MEPDG were compared with the data available in Canadian databases. The sensitivity of pavement performance to climate conditions, predicted using the MEPDG, was also studied. The pavement performance predicted using the virtual weather station and existing weather station data was compared. From the pavement performance sensitivity study, it was found that the asphalt concrete, total pavement rutting and international roughness index show sensitivity to climate changes. It was also found that differences in the quality and duration of data for close-by stations can result in variation in the predicted performance. Overall, the study assists with facilitating the implementation of the MEPDG in Canada.     

诺曼·福斯特的普罗旺斯情缘──兼论“高技派”的气候观

自７０年代的能源危机以来，以节约能源，资源，减少污染为核心内容的可持续发展的设计理念逐渐成为建筑师追寻的方向。曾经以展示现代工艺技术为主要特征的“高技派”也开始致力于关注本土文化和地域气候，逐步形成了一套独具特色的气候观，走上一条从“高技术”到“生态技术”的探索之路。英国建筑师诺曼·福斯特设计的尼姆卡时艺术中心和弗雷才斯地方中等职业学校都位于法国普罗旺斯地区，这里有浓郁的地方文化和鲜明的气候特征。建筑师在注重建筑与城市文脉和自然环境相协调的同时，还根据当地的气候条件，在建筑采光与遮阳，自然通风等技术环节上作出了积极的尝试，为以后完成法兰克福商业银行，柏林新国会大厦等具有世界影响的作品奠定了坚实的基础。     

水文地质参数时变性对地下水非恒定流计算的影响

基于水文地质参数时变特性客观存在的事实，考虑水文地质参数为常量及参数随时间发生变化的情况下，推导了交替方向隐式差分法计算地下水二维非恒定流的方程，并引入算例分别进行计算，得出水文地质参数的时变特性对地下水非恒定流的计算存在影响的结论，进一步验证了水文地质参数研究工作的重要性与必要性。